Death of a Loved One Essay Example for Free

Death of a Loved One Essay Devastating occurrences have the ability to completely alter the ways in which you live your life. When these certain situations occur, you have two choices: You can let them destroy you, or you can let them strengthen you. My outlook on life was completely changed when my kind hearted grandmother passed away when I was just a child. I was struck with the realization that life can be taken away in an instant and I need to cherish every moment I have left I this world. In early November of 2006, I was sitting in my choir class listening to my teacher describe the scene a horrific car accident she witnessed the day before. As she was explaining the details of the accident, I was feeling little pangs of sorrow for the victims who were unable to walk away injury free. As we carried on with our class, I couldn’t help but think about how miserable their family and friends must be feeling at that exact moment, they didn’t even see it coming. I soon shook the thoughts from my head and made my way to my next class. While walking down the hallway, I feel my newly purchased flip phone vibrate in my purse and the text I receive from my mother was rather unsettling: Honey, I have some bad news. Â  I reply back asking her what she was talking about, and although I was a little nervous, I didn’t try to dwell on it too much. I only assumed that she wasn’t going to buy me a new pair of Buckle jeans that I was eyeing at the time, so I swallowed my disappointment, and carried on with my morning. Thoughts of not owning those beautiful pair jean were going through my head as my phone vibrates with another text that made me stop dead in my tracks: Grandma was in an accident today. She’s in the hospital with severe injuries and they think she has brain damage. A wave of emotions washed over me and my mind couldn’t stop racing. I always heard about this sort of thing happening to people I didn’t know, people I didn’t care about. Never in a million years did I imagine that my own grandmother would be put in this situation. For once in my life, I was completely speechless. Over the next couple weeks, my grandma’s progress was a roller coaster. Some days she was barely able to open her eyes and move her fingers, and other days she was motionless. One day the swelling in her brain would worsen and the next day it would decrease. There weren’t any clear answers explaining if she was going to be okay or not. We were all holding on dearly to a sense of hope that was keeping us together. Towards the last couple days of her life, my grandma’s progress seemed to have gotten better. The swelling in her brain had decreased a great amount and I was told that it was very possible that she would be able to recover. A wave of a relief washed over me and the grasp I had on hope tightened. I truly believed that she would recover and we would have our caring, loving grandma with us again. The thoughts of her recovery were clogging my mind and I completely forgot that even though there was indeed the possibility of her recovery, the possibility of her death was still apparent. On November 28th, I was woken up by my mother and father informing me that my grandma had passed away that morning. Initially, I didn’t feel any sort of emotion. I was stuck in a daze that I couldn’t get out of. Part of me even believed that this was all a dream, and that I was going to wake up with her smiling face still in this world. Throughout the day, the numb feeling went away, and was replaced with sadness and sorrow. I replayed every memory I had with her in my head while hot, salty tears ran down my cheeks. In that moment, I would have given anything to have her alive and well, baking Christmas cookies with me like we did every year. She didn’t deserve to die and we didn’t deserve to feel this pain. Deep down I knew she was in a better place, a place where she wouldn’t have to feel the pain she felt in this world before she passed. This thought alone helped me and many others get over the fact that we lost our dear grandma. They always say that you need to live your life the fullest; you never know when your time is up. My grandma was the perfect example of a barely 60 year old woman who’s last years of her life were cut short. She made sure that she lived every day to its full potential, and she cherished every moment. Ever since the morning that she died, I made a promise to myself to never let a day go by where I don’t appreciate and love the life I live. Although life is difficult, it is still so very beautiful.

Schindlers List Essay -- essays research papers

Schindler’s List   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oskar Schindler was a wealthy German industrialist, who made much of his wealth by employing Jewish men and women in his various factories. In the movie â€Å" Schindler’s List,† it starts off with Schindler in a restaurant with many high ranking Nazi officers eating there. He starts off by buying a officer a bottle of expensive wine, but it does not end there. Before the night is gone he has boughten dinner for all of the officers. This is how he made friends, friends with power.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this point the War was already underway and Schindler seized an oppurtunity to make money. Thinking ahead he hires a Jewish accountant that he believes is very qualified for that position. At first this accountant is careful of the way he acts around Schindler because Schindler is a member of the Nazi Party and fears for his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The point of the movie in which Schindler starts to view the Jewish people differently is when the Nazis start to flush out the ghettos. From a hilltop he watches, especially a little girl walking through the streets like she is abandoned. At this time he starts to pull his favors from those officers he treated to dinner a while back. He meets Geoth, a SS officer that is known for his cruelty in the Concentration Camps. Schindler starts to gain the trust and admiration of Geoth and he takes advantage of that friendship. He tells Geoth that he will pay him a certain am...

Discuss the social problems that result from the widespread availability of cheap alcohol Essay

The drinking of alcohol is completely acceptable in many if not most parts of society and, in the UK, it is legal to be bought by anyone over the age of 181. This is a well-known fact but a lesser known one is that in the UK, alcohol can be legally drunk on private premises by anyone over the age of 52 and youths aged 16 and over may drink alcohol3 in restaurants from the age of 16 if with an adult4. Apart from religious reasons, most people do not see a problem with a temperance attitude towards the consumption of alcohol, indeed research suggests that the occasional and moderate consumption of alcohol may have benefits to health. The problems arise when a culture adopts a heavy or binge drinking culture. Such a culture is encouraged and, in a lot of cases, made possible by the availability of cheap alcohol. Just looking at the website for Tesco today5 shows advertisements for discounted beer, for example 12 x 440ml cans of Fosters for ? 9 or a saving of ? 3 for 24 cans at only ? 15. That is beer at only 62p each for a large can, something which would cost a person approx. ?3 – 3. 50 each in a public house. It is not just supermarkets which offer cheap deals on alcohol, in my city tonight there will be countless bars offering ‘2 for 1’ deals and half price drinks during their ‘happy hours’ which normally last from 6pm until 9pm. This short time period when drinks are 50% cheaper leads to people being tempted to drink a lot of alcohol during the ‘happy hour’ period to take advantage of cheap drinks when they are available. Happy hours have become so popular that there are ‘Happy Hour Guides’ online so people know where to go for cheap alcohol6 . Although it may appear, on the surface, that the availability of cheap alcohol is harmless, unfortunately, a number of social problems have arisen as a result of it. These problems have reached such a crisis that for the past 3 years, the government has been attempting to address the availability of cheap alcohol from both shops and licensed premises and the length of opening hours in those licensed premises. The social problems that have arisen are widely publicised by the media by showing town and city centres on a Friday or Saturday night, awash with drunken teenagers and those in their 20s having partied on ‘cheap’ alcohol. This invariably leads to public order offences in the centres, a higher rate of sexual offences and, at the bottom end of the scale, centres left at the end of the night covered in broken bottles and kebab wrappers. Another lesser known fact is the binge drinkers are 14 times more likely to drive while impaired compared to people who drink sensible amounts†7. Slightly further behind the scenes, but also quite well publicised are the results seen at the A&E departments following binge drinking at a weekend when such departments are run off their feet trying to deal with genuine serious cases whilst, at the same time having to attend to a steady stream of drunk with alcohol related injuries. Such problems are quite well publicised and the public at large are well aware of these results of freely available cheap alcohol being abused. There are, however, more problems below the surface. In 2010, Sir John Stoddart, Chief Constable of Durham Constabulary spoke to Channel 4 about the affects cheap alcohol was having within his jurisdiction. He claimed that the problem is far larger than binge-fuelled bad behaviour and that his men and women on the beat saw a range of alcohol-related crime and social breakdown. In 2009, his constabulary and two neighbouring forces tackled nearly 6,500 incidents of domestic violence where alcohol played a part. The Chief Constable was quoted as saying that he was in no doubt that it was the cut prices and easy availability of alcohol that were to blame. 8 Other social problems that arise from freely available cheap alcohol include a general rise in crime, in fact, almost half of all victims of violence report that perpetrators were under the influence9. Also, the general health of those who abuse alcohol declines and it often leads to an early death. One reason for bad health from alcohol is chronic liver disease. From 1970 – 2000, deaths in the UK from cirrhosis increased by 900%. The primary cause of cirrhosis is drinking too much alcohol. In conclusion, there are numerous social problems which result from freely available cheap alcohol. These problems include health issues, domestic problems, a rise in crime and a general degradation of our town and city centres. II. Expand on the other issues that have made alcohol a significant social problem In the answer above, as well as the main, obvious social issues I did touch on the problem of health and crime resulting from the consumption (or rather, over consumption) of alcohol. I will now expand on these issues in more detail. During a time of austerity institutions such as the NHS are extremely hard pressed to provide an adequate service to the population. The NHS in England currently has to make ? 20bn of efficiency savings (between 2011 and 2015). These savings of 4% a year are needed if the NHS is to meet rising demands and maintain quality, with funding effectively frozen in real terms during the current spending review period. The last thing it needs is for a social issue to increase the number of patients that it has. In 2010, the NHS published a report on the cost of binge drinking, ‘Too much of the hard stuff: what alcohol costs the NHS’. It cited that consumption of alcohol in the UK had increased by 19 per cent over the previous three decades and that reports indicated that 10. 5 million adults in England drink alcohol above sensible limits and around 1. 1 million have a level of alcohol addiction. It also confirmed that alcohol was the third leading cause of disease burden in developed countries and, as a result, the cost of providing alcohol-related services was escalating. It emphasised that over a quarter of the population in England was drinking at hazardous levels and that treating alcohol-related conditions cost the NHS approximately ? 2. 7 billion in 2006/07, almost double the 2001 cost. Furthermore, the pressure to react to drinkers’ urgent and increasing health needs made it difficult for preventative measures to keep pace. Alcohol has always been an issue in relation to reported crime. According to the Home Office, the incidence of crimes committed under the influence of alcohol is rising steadily. During 2011, in England, almost half of all violent crimes were thought to have involved alcohol. Additionally, just under 40% of all domestic violence was attributed to drunkenness. Additionally, research by the British Medical Association suggests that between 60 – 70% of all murders were committed by those under the influence of alcohol. The abuse of alcohol has always been linked to crime levels and the reason for this is the fact that alcohol is classed as a ‘disinhibitor’. A disinhibitor is a drug that tends to remove a person’s inhibitions. In essence, alcohol can literally give people the â€Å"courage† to do things they might not otherwise do. So what makes people drink to excess? There are many factors attributed to heavy drinking of alcohol, these include the fact that those from families with a history of drinking are more likely to drink to excess, as are people with a history of abuse. Also cited as a blame for heavy drinking is peer pressure. Another factor, all the more relevant in a time of high unemployment and austerity is the fact that stress both at home and at work and unemployment are known factors to increase the consumption of alcohol. As with the NHS above, during these times of austerity, policing the population is strained almost to breaking point. Recent cuts on the budget for forces have led to a 17% cut in police staff with 13,500 fewer police officers and nearly 3,000 fewer PCSOs. During the period 2011 – 2015, UK police forces have to make a saving of ? 2. 7bn. In 2012, Her Majesties Inspector of Constabularies confirmed that as many as three different forces within in the UK were failing due to spending cuts and that others may fail in the near future. With such facts and figures, then with an increase of alcohol abuse, then there is likely to be an increase in reported crime. In such a climate, the last thing that UK forces need are high levels of alcohol related reported crimes. III. Why is cocaine considered the main drug of choice for the wealthy? The history of cocaine goes back many hundreds of years. Indeed, over 1000 years ago, indigenous South American people used to chew the leaves of cocoa plants for its nutrients. It has been known to the Western world since the mid-16th Century, since which it was been used as a drug of leisure and as a medicinal compound. For the majority of this time, the use of cocaine was legal, indeed during the early 20th-century, cocaine was being sold in US drugstores, costing 5c – 10c for a small boxful. It was commonly used by ‘stevedores’ along the Mississippi River, who used the drug as a stimulant. During the same period, again in the US, white employers encouraged its use by black labourers in order to increase their work rate. Even as recently as 1916, Harrods were selling a kit described as â€Å"A Welcome Present for Friends at the Front† containing cocaine, morphine, syringes and needles. However, later that year cocaine was made illegal following reports of ‘drug crazed soldiers’. It is currently a class A controlled drug listed on Schedule II of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. During modern times, traditionally, cocaine was always the drug of the rich. This was purely due to its price being relatively high in comparison to other controlled drugs. Indeed, during the 1990s when I was working undercover in the drug scene, cocaine was rarely encountered on the street due to its high prices. Other, cheaper drugs such as LSD, Ecstasy and Amphetamine Sulphate (speed) were far more easily available and much cheaper. More recently, due to a higher supply of the drug, in accordance with the age old adage of ‘supply and demand’, the price of cocaine has dropped drastically. To illustrate this, in 1999 a gram of cocaine would cost in the region of ? 70. By the mid-2000s, that same gram would only cost about ? 35. It suddenly became affordable and therefore its usage increased. In 2007, the UN claimed that 2. 4% of adults in England and Wales use cocaine10. IV. What are the attractions of readily available recreational drugs? Recreational drugs are used by people to either create or improve a recreational situation rather than for medical or spiritual purposes. Recreational drugs include alcohol, nicotine and caffeine, together with a number of commonly used controlled drugs and, lately, a ‘group’ of what have been referred to as ‘legal highs’. The attractions of alcohol, nicotine and caffeine, together with legal highs11, such as ‘gocaine’, ‘ching’ and ‘AMT’ to name but a few include the fact that they are legal, easily obtained, relatively cheap, all are quite sociable drugs and, to differing degrees, all of them ‘lift’ a person’s spirits. Controlled (illegal) drugs are also regularly used recreationally. The most common types of recreational drug includes cannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy and cocaine. As above, the main attractions of recreational drugs are that they are relatively cheap, especially if compared to the price of alcohol, in particular if one wants a similar level of effect. They are a sociable pastime with very few recreational drug users using them in isolation and the majority (with the exception of cannabis) are designed to lift a person’s spirits and energy levels. Cannabis on the other hand has the opposite effect allowing a person to relax and it is often used by recreational drug users to help them ‘come down’ after an episode of using an ‘upper’. The fact that such drugs are illegal and even the mere possession of them could lead to a person receiving a criminal record is very little deterrent to those who wish to use recreational drugs. V. Explore the range of options for resolving the problem of frequent use of recreational drugs The options for resolving recreational drug use vary depending upon the drug in question. There is no control over the use of a drug such as caffeine, a child of any age can walk into any shop in the UK and purchase a jar of coffee, caffeine laced sweets or can of coke. This is because of the perception that caffeine is harmless and it is socially acceptable to be consumed, normally in a drink such as coffee or coke. Despite the public perception of it, however, caffeine is not quite as harmless as people believe. For example, just today it was reported that a 40 year old man died of an overdose of caffeine after eating too many mints with caffeine in them12. Having said that, in the majority of cases, caffeine does not cause any major adverse reaction to its consumption and it is not considered to be a recreational drug which requires resolving. Nicotine on the other hand has slipped out of popularity due to its most popular form of consumption being by smoking tobacco. Smoking was once popular and acceptable in the majority of places and situations, however, in the UK this has changed as a result of the health issues associated to it. The method used to resolve the recreational use of nicotine in the form of smoking tobacco has been to heavily tax it in order to make it unaffordable to the majority and to ban its use in public places. Alcohol is another recreational drug which has recently fallen foul of those in authority and its use is currently seen as something which requires resolving. This has resulted from an increase in ill health of drinkers, huge media interest in what they describe as ‘binge drinking’ and statistics which show that the UK is very high on international statistics as far as alcohol related crime is concerned. This is being done by good education programs regarding the ill effects of alcohol, overt advertising on the ill effects of alcohol use, heavy taxation and overt, strong policing of areas when alcohol is used recreationally. In addition, the government is exploring licensing hours with a view to reducing them in order to make alcohol less accessible and to introduce a minimum price per unit for alcohol in order to make it less affordable. The recreational use of legal highs are slightly harder to resolve. Although such drugs have been available for some time, it is only recently that their use, and indeed the sometimes fatal consequences of such use, has been advertised widely. Such drugs are frequently used by young people who either do not want to break the law and purchase illegal drugs, or by those who cannot afford controlled drugs (which invariably are more expensive). It is very difficult to resolve the use of recreational drugs that are freely available via hundreds of internet sites and shops around the UK. Most of the legal highs are basically vitamin pills laced with high levels of caffeine or herbs containing the (legal) chemical ephedrine. With their popularity, designers have started to produce a new generation of legal highs, many with effects more closely associated with stronger drugs like cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine, some even contain the amphetamine-like drug BZP, an artificial chemical originally used as worming tablet for cows. It is very hard to control such sales as, in a similar manner to designer drugs such as those originating from the original MDMA, as soon as a drug is made illegal, the designers just change its chemical make-up so it remains legal. Although this is easier to control with the UK drug laws than in countries such as the USA, it is still very difficult which is why in the UK, specific legal highs are not made illegal much sooner. The way to resolve the frequent use of such legal ‘drugs’ is to publicise the ill effect of using them, to investigate their make up and ban those containing dangerous or illegal ingredients. Education beginning early in life is another way to attempt to curg the use of such recreational drugs. I have left to last the ways to resolve the frequent use of controlled recreational drugs. My reason for this is because I do not think that there is a method which will be successful. Firstly, we made the drugs illegal so that no-one would use them. This did not work. We have had a no tolerance policy on drug offenders which also did not work. We have had extensive multi-media drug education programs made in an attempt to show people the ill effects of such drugs but this has not worked. Some employers have introduced compulsory drug testing in order to identify drug users to make the workplace a safer place. People are still caught regularly which again shows that this does not work. We spend literally ? billions around the world, destroying crops of illegal drugs, funding international drug enforcement initiatives and strengthening our borders but still, the demand is so high that such drugs still manage to make their way into our country. As I said above, I do not think we can prevent such drug use, however, the methods described above will hopefully at least control the use of illegal recreational drugs, if not eradicate it.

Narcissuss Facebook Profile Essay - 1187 Words

In Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, Marshall McLluhan uses the Greek myth of Narcissus as a metaphor for our inability to notice the gradual societal changes engendered by new extensions of ourselves. McLuhan writes that because â€Å"the content of any medium is always another medium† (McLuhan 8), we tend to focus on the obvious, not that the message of that medium, the â€Å"social consequences... [that]...result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves† (McLuhan 7). An example he uses is that the content of a novel is print, and so we focus on the plot, not the effect of the novel on society. This syndrome he terms the â€Å"Narcissus trance,† a pseudo-hypnotic state induced by using technology†¦show more content†¦An extension allows us to perform an action more frequently or process more information, meaning the stress that motivated the extension still exists. This stress â€Å"is bearable by the nervous system only through numbness or blocking of perception† – the Narcissus trance whereby we behold the extension but not its message. In McLuhan’s reading of the myth, â€Å"the image produces a generalized numbness or shock that declines recognition. Self-amputation forbids self-recognition† (McLuhan 43). This lack of self-recognition must in-turn prohibit an objective appraisal of what has been amputated. And it is the long-term effect of these amputations that is the true message of the medium – â€Å"the power of imposing its own assumption on the unwary† (McLuhan 15). That is, once in a state of perpetual somnambulism, we re-shape our lives according to the demands of the very media we create to increase our capacities. New extensions will be shaped by previous extensions in that they will further amplify the isolated functions. Each time we behold a new extension, we embrace it, and each time we autoamputate part of ourselves, our central nervous systems responds with numbness, to localize remove â€Å"the offending organ† (McLuhan 43). â€Å"It is this continuous embrace o f our own technology, in daily use† McLuhan writes, â€Å"that puts us in the Narcissus role† and prohibits us from seeing how any new extension is a

Marriage Is Like Driving A Car - 764 Words

Marriage is like driving a car even though you may be in the front seat; you may not have a clue as to what is going on under the hood. The article considered two hypothesis to conduct the study. The first was marriage and family therapists’ endorsement of myths about marriage will be related to personal experience and demographic factors. The second marriage and family therapists’ endorsement of myths about marriage will be signiï ¬ cantly related to professional factors including degree level and the amount of training they have had in current research ï ¬ ndings on marriage and divorce (Caldwell, 2008). Caldwell (2008) describes a myth as a belief that is widely held in spite of overwhelming evidence that it is not true. Confronting myths about marriage and family by the therapist will illustrate to be an important factor in keeping the clients in the here and now. Supplying the couple with the understanding that after the honeymoon real life will set in and arm them the knowledge to notice and accept change. However, a trained therapist can assist the clients in realizing that it will take work to keep the romance and fire within the relationship. When a marriage counselor whom is well informed can debunk the myths and give the clients the tools to endure a healthy and loving relationship. When it comes to marriage there seems to be some preconceived notions about what life will look like and through premarital counseling the therapist can assist the client toShow MoreRelatedUnequal and Unethical Treatment of Women in the Middle East1384 Words   |  6 Pageshave been going on for the many years in the past, and are still going on today, especially in Middle Eastern countries. One major aspect of the situation of abuse towards women is involved with marriage. 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Combating Type 2 Diabetes Epidemic in America Essay

In order to combat the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in America, a series of subsidies and social programs promoting and mandating nutrition and exercise for weight loss should be created with the trillion dollar budget. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in America is rising and has doubled over the last 30 years to 23 million (Campbell). Currently, it costs the nation about $90 billion a year to treat the complications of type 2 diabetes (Hoerger). Added with the co-morbidities of type 2 diabetes, namely cardiovascular disease, obesity, and kidney failure, it becomes apparent that drastic measures are needed. In order to combat this epidemic, the U.S. Congress is proposing to use a trillion dollars to do whatever it takes to reduce the†¦show more content†¦The daily food energy intake of Americans has been consistently rising since the early 1970’s while the energy expenditure has remained constant. A closer look at the data indicates that calories from fat are th e same or even slightly decreased, while the calories from carbohydrates have increased by about 20% (Gaesser). Coincidentally or not, this is also about the same time that high fructose corn syrup was introduced. Between 1970 and 2000 consumption increased from 0.6 to 73.5 lbs per person per year (Bray). Doing the math, this would result in an additional 360 calories a day, though it should be noted that other sugars were decreased over this time so the impact is roughly half of that. At the same time, the energy intake increased from 3200kcal/day to 3900 kcal/day (Gaesser). Taking this a step further is the fact that there is a strong linkage between diabetes and obesity or excess weight gain. Between 60 and 90% cases of type 2 diabetes can be linked to obesity. Increases in body mass index (BMI) are as linked to increased risk for diabetes as demonstrated by both the Pima Indians and female nurses. 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Cyberterrorism Case Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction. Cyberterrorism can be described as the usage of the internet or the levering of the Internet and the mark computer’s information to do physical injury. infrastructural harm and real- universe injury. This pattern has been on the rise as the being and usage of the Internet has become more permeant in virtually all the countries of human enterprises. Following this. persons have been able to distribute the namelessness that is ever accorded by the internet to endanger persons. citizens of a peculiar state. or a specific group that has rank hinged upon common ethnicity. spiritual belief. a community. or the full state. Cyberterrorism. unlike all other signifiers of terrorist activities. is alone. since it unleashes panic on the victims. while go forthing the aggressor wholly insulated to the built-in danger of decease. hurt or gaining control ( captivity ) of the provoker. This is because. the aggressor in this venture is non virtually present when transporting out Acts of the Apostless of cyberterrorism. At the other terminal. the conventional type of aggressor has to be physically present to transport out terrorist onslaughts. As the usage. enlargement and betterment of the Internet and computing machine connectivity has continued to be realized. the computing machine systems have continued to be assigned more responsibilities and duties while at the same clip. going progressively mutualist and complex. This has made cyberterrorism more possible and at the same clip. increased the leaning or the likability of these Acts of the Apostless of computing machine and Internet terrorist act taking a larger field and range. For case. all computing machines are served by common Internet service suppliers and besides have the same connectivity for case. through the World Wide Web. It is hence easy to see that the rise of cyberterrorism has merely led to the corruptness of computing machine package. the break of the substructure that is profoundly needed for the being of the computing machine connectivity. and the subsequent loss of information. It is on this background that the World Bank in 2001 stated that 2 billion US dollars were lost by the planetary Internet concern sector due to Acts of the Apostless of cyberterrorism ( Weimann. 2006 pp. 34 ) every bit far as the twelvemonth 2000 is concerned. In add-on to this. cyberterrorism has besides been accountable to myriads of instances of existent injury. cyberterrorism and factors that facilitate it. Cyberterrorism has been known to be promoted by many factors. while at the same clip taking on many faces. Cyberterrorism can for case take the signifier of the hacking of the computing machine web system. the transporting out of illegal or unauthorised entry into a computing machine web system or database. and the subjugation of the computing machine package. particularly the database system to viruses. Overeliance on web calculating engineering has besides been one of the causative factor and assistance to the realization of cyberterrorism. For case. the overexploitation of the SCADA systems has been known to ensue in overloading of the same. This overloading makes the package to neglect or to malfunction. This brings in the Domino consequence that leads to the prostration of computing machine Internet connectivity. Besides conveying in more jobs to the above state of affairs. is the fact that 80 % of these critical substructures are in the custodies of private ownership. In the past. most of the private proprietors of these substructures had non been educated adequately on information security ( Blane. 2003 pp. 120 ) . This has at frequently times led to the proprietors doing determinations that make the Internet connectivity systems really vulnerable to onslaughts by the cybercriminals. For case. until late. these Internet connectivity substructure directors and proprietors had been straight attaching the Internet public-service corporations and overseas telegrams to the SCADA maestro terminuss. taking to instances of overloading. Vulnerability of the substructure has besides been really instrumental in the assisting hackers find their manner into the computing machine networking system. This is because it is really possible to transport out electronic invasions to destruct the substructure. At the same clip. taking the steps to command the infrastructural systems is really hard. needing really specialised signifier of cognition and fail- safe steps that are non computerized. At the same clip. this province of personal businesss has enabled the onslaughts on the control systems. so that power that is used for the operations and for keeping the physical substructure is interfered with. This includes the control distribution systems that are used to modulate H2O supply. the transmittals of electricity. rail and route webs. This booby trap is besides exhibited by the fact that due to shortage of control systems. this allows for the aggressor to infringe upon this systems by dialing the modem to halt the transmittal of informations. This state of affairs is besides sedate due to the fact that this attack enables these hackers to perforate systems that have been insulated by firewalls in some instances. The gravitation of the state of affairs is besides glowering in the sense that a felon is able to utilize the Internet. together with a radio wireless and control package to command the substructure. It is on this background that a 49 twelvemonth old adult male by the name. Boden Videk. on November 2001 used these devices to let go of a million liter natural sewerage into the coastal Waterss and into the river Maroochydore in Australia. Queensland. As a consequence of this. there was huge Numberss of marine deceases as the creek H2O became blackened and filled with malodor. Harmonizing to research that had been carried out following the incident. it was found out that 40 % of the installations that support the distribution of H2O. allowed ready entree and logging in. straight and randomly into the Internet. piece at the same clip. it was besides found that 60 % of the SCADA managed systems could be connected into and accessed by the usage of a modem ( Colaric. 2006 pp. 75 ) . These experts besides point out that the fact that the first 44 botched efforts went unreported. besides points to the built-in inefficiency of Internet connectivity ( Boden had tried 44 times and merely succeeded the forty-fifth effort ) . This alludes to the fact that even the firewalls and other internally fixed protection steps are inefficient by themselves. since they have been marked with along history of hackers happening their manner into them. Cyberterrorism has besides been spread through the fact that before September 11th. 2001. all the security commanding systems were being served by one watchword. Upon doing successful incursions into the security web system. damaging the remainder of the security control systems was now possible. This means that the hazards or the exposure to security breaches were really high particularly due to the fact that the security webs had been connected straight to the Internet. At the nucleus of the affair. besides lies other factors that guarantee that cyberterrorism continues to be. For illustration. the democratisation of the computing machine cognition has led to anyone being able to entree the Internet and to pull strings the computing machine. harmonizing to the caprices of the same. Virtually about 54 % of the world’s entire population has plenty knowledge to run the computing machine. Out of this 54 % . 60 % have vast cognition on the computing machine that is adequate to enable them hack computing machine packages ( O’Day. 2004 pp. 121 ) . At the same clip. the whole universe is still enduring at the custodies cybercriminals due to the inefficient jurisprudence system. Although International Law already proscribes the act of infringing into other states’ beginnings of informations by an external political entity. yet. the United Nations ( UN ) Charter Laws has non been to the full formed to distinguish between the legitimate rights of the Internet user. and the boundaries that should non be crossed by the same. World domination and the netwar have ever gone manus in manus with each other as viing provinces seek to bring out the military information of its challengers by tapping into the rival’s military computing machine database. This is possibly one of the premier grounds as to why the UN Charter Laws on the Internet usage should be expedited to completion. Effectss of cyberterrorism. Cyberterrorism has been known to hold serious wide scaled impacts on people. For case. this signifier of offense has been known to be responsible for the debilitating of a country’s economic growing and good being. This is because. cyberterrorism has the capacity to destruct the Internet substructure and to pervert Internet connectivity. This leads to serious famine in the flow of information that is earnestly needed by the concern and the corporate sector. The effect to this is that this leads to immense losingss being incurred by the concern sector and the corporate sector as good. For case. the banking sector. international banking and the planetary finance sector have in an effort to increase safety. security. client satisfaction. increased market entree and net income. hold introduced on-line banking. and electronic banking- services that enormously rely on Internet connectivity. However. on the thirteenth December. 2006. the banking and the finance sector were interfered with when cybercriminals took to doing and utilizing the Trojan Software. a computing machine virus which had the capacity to besiege the banking security clearance cheques. For merely 50 yearss that it went undetected. the Gozi had already managed to steal 10. 000 records that carried information of 5. 200 clients ( Dunnigan. 2003 pp. 166 ) . Secure Works divulged further that the value of the information that was lost by the banking sector reached the value of 2 million ( Verton. 2003 pp. 84 ) Although the state of affairs has already been reversed through the debut of the Fraud Detection Automation and the Centralized Funds Management System. this 2 million loss was besides traveling to be reflected in the revenue enhancement rating procedure. At the same clip. the loss of the file application systems for revenue enhancement returns was besides retrograde to the realisation of banking revenue enhancement. Since all authoritiess exact revenue enhancement from these concerns in relation to the one-year net income borders that these concerns make. these authoritiess have been recognizing merely little sums of grosss as a consequence. This is more so because the the main beginning of authorities gross is revenue enhancement. This province of personal businesss leads to authoritiess being denied their resources. and this leads to these authoritiess being susceptible to debts. rising prices and later. the wasted military might. At the same clip. cyberterrorism has been known to derail or disable concerns that are Internet supported. These concern sectors include on-line advertisement. vitamin E larning. retail and service suppliers that deal with the brick and howitzer retailing. All these stand fring money following any downtime that has been created by the cybercriminals. Cyberterrorism has been a deterrent factor in the realisation of free flow of information and cognition in the international spectrum. This because. the free transportation of information and cognition can merely take topographic point in the presence of planetary Internet connectivity ( through the World Wide Web ) . Cyberterrorism has hence been really instrumental in guarding off the transportation of information in a transborder sense. and thereby being antithetical to constructs and patterns of vitamin E acquisition. This means that these Acts of the Apostless of terrorist act have merely acted as an active Ussher to planetary ignorance. Much serious losingss are incurred by the planetary universe in the sense that cyberterrorism stagnates the free flow of capital in a transborder sense. The free flow of capital on the other manus supports patterns such as international trade and diplomatic negotiations. Therefore. it is true that cyberterrorism has been really instrumental in uprooting universe trade. At the same clip. by the really fact that cyberterrorism has been so formidable in cut downing Internet supported beginnings of income and thereby plumping the beginning of gross for a peculiar authorities. much acceptance can be given to cybercrime being given the name â€Å"cyberterrorism† due to the fact that its effects ( largely fiscal ) are target specific. and at the same clip. aimed at a peculiar state. This strikes panic and terror to any economic system. and can hence be justly dubbed â€Å"cyberterrorism† . Decision. Having seen the far making effects of cyberterrorism. it is incumbent upon the several authoritiess to work together as members of one planetary community. This is because. all the jobs that bedevil Internet connectivity due to cyberterrorism. impact the remainder of the universe. At the same clip. these authoritiess should guarantee that in order to come up with proper Reconstructions. that the Internet suppliers. and the information engineering professionals are all included in the attempts to recognize an all- comprehensive attack. It is on this premiss that the Global Network Joint Task Force Operations ( JTF- GNO ) was formed to guard off instances of cybercrime. The attempts being applied by this Confederacy is exerted through the integrating of the capablenesss of the GNO with those of the DOD computing machine systems and webs. In add-on to this. the DOD commanding battler bureaus and services are besides included. Additionally. there should be the creative activity of the planetary air force cyber bid which can be used to supervise and protect the involvements of the internet. Although the US has already realized this demand and hence come up with the MAJCOM Air Force for Cyber Command which was created in November 2nd. 2006. yet America should non restrict this to itself. but alternatively should take this war against cyberterrorism to a planetary degree. since this type of job affects the whole universe as one planetary small town. Conversely. since the universe has become one planetary small town. virtually about all of the Earth has embraced the construct of planetary partnership. There is no manner America’s involvements will boom and win if the remainder of the universe as her spouses do non recognize betterments in this sector. Mentions.Blane. V. J. ( 2003 ) . Current issues in cyberterrorism and cybercrime.New York: The Prentice Hall.Colaric. A. M. ( 2006 ) . The political and economic deductions of cyberterrorism.London: Sage.Dunnigan. J. F. ( 2003 ) . Confronting planetary cyberterrorism.New York: The McGraw Hill.O’Day. A. ( 2004 ) . On cyberterrorism.Michigan: The John Wiley and Sons.Verton. D. ( 2003 ) . Black ice: The menace of cyberterrorism.Oxford: The Oxford University Press.Weimann. G. ( 2006 ) . The new Era and the New Nhallenges of Internet and Terror.